DMS students who have participated in this work in Honduras.

In a way, Seibert's work in Honduras is what led to him to Albania. In 1998, when Hurricane Mitch struck Honduras, Seibert led a medical aid team that traveled to La Mosquitia, a very primitive and isolated area accessible only by air.

Soon after he returned to his home in Norwich, Vt., exhausted yet inspired, he saw images on television of refugees fleeing from the war in Kosova. It struck him that here was yet another group of particularly underserved people. So he got in touch with Northwest Medical Teams, a Portland, Ore.-based organization that is similar to Doctors Without Borders. The group was already pulling together teams to respond to the Kosovar crisis, and Seibert ended up going to Albania for a month. Ever since, Seibert's life has been marked by one humanitarian relief effort after another.

Upon returning from Albania, Seibert became involved with the Tucker Foundation at Dartmouth College. He helped set up the foundation's Cross Cultural Education and Service Program in the impoverished city of Siuna, Nicaragua. Students and faculty from Dartmouth College, its Thayer School of Engineering, and DMS travel regularly to Siuna to work in health, construction, and agricultural initiatives.

Next for Seibert came Liberia. In the summer of 2004, Liberia's civil war, which had been going on for years, intensified. Rebels surrounded Monrovia, the capital, and the president fled the country. The United Nations (UN) came into the country to provide security where they could and humanitarian services. Seibert, working again with Northwest Medical Teams, arrived three months later. At the time, the UN controlled only about 20% of the country, and the rest was still in the hands of various rebel groups. Seibert worked in refugee camps where people were desperately underserved. For the first time he saw significant numbers of people who were starving. He remembers patients being brought to him in wheelbarrows because they were too weak or too sick to walk.

Seibert's team had planned to stay in Liberia for a month, but at the end of their third week there, fighting erupted between some of the armed groups and the UN forces. Seibert and his team had to hide out and wait for a UN convoy to rescue them. They flew out a week earlier than they had expected to, but with security having broken down entirely, that seemed to be the only alternative.

Back home once again in Vermont, Seibert had barely unpacked when the most devastating tsunami in modern history hit Southeast Asia on December 26, 2004, killing nearly 300,000 people. Seibert immediately signed up for a Northwest Medical Teams mission to the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

He and five other medical professionals had planned to work in the heavily damaged city and province of Banda Aceh. The area had been in rebellion against the government in Jakarta for about 15 years, so traveling in the region was treacherous. The only way to go safely was to fly, but planes were difficult to come by. When Siebert and his team finally got there, they found that the city had been totally devastated. Many relief

Seibert arrived in Liberia three months after the civil war intensified and worked in refugee camps where people were starving. He remembers patients being brought to him in wheelbarrows because they were too weak or too sick to walk.

groups were already there, but organization among them was lacking. (See the feature "Seismic Effects" for various post-disaster dos and don'ts.)

After canvassing the city, Seibert's team decided that they could be of greater help in a more remote region. The problem was that the Indonesian government had established priorities for the use of helicopters—food and water first, then medical care—but a helicopter was the only way they could fly there. Seibert's team eventually hired a boat to bring them to the village of Lom No. But getting into Lom No was a problem, too, because it was essentially a combat zone. The Indonesian military had established a perimeter around the village. "They wouldn't let us go beyond that without a military escort," Seibert remembers. So he and his team rode into Lom No in an ambulance bristling with assault rifles.

The first relief teams to arrive after any disaster have particular challenges, explains Seibert. You don't know where you are going, what you will have to work with, or what you will be confronted with, he says. You have to do three things: first you have to secure your own body and mind or you will be of no use to anyone; then you must set up the logistics for subsequent teams; and finally you get to provide medical care.

Its first night in Lom No, Seibert's group stayed in the loft of a home. The temperature hit 102 degrees and mosquitoes abounded. In the middle of the night, an aftershock struck and everyone in the house ran outside and stood in the mud, expecting the whole structure to fall down. Regular aftershocks persisted for a couple of weeks. Soon, however, villagers and relief workers alike decided that any building that was going to fall down already had.

Helping the tsunami survivors was challenging but tremendously rewarding for Seibert—which is what motivates him to join one relief effort after another. "He can have quite an emotional reaction when he's first back and tries to talk about" his experiences, says Ann Seibert, his wife of 48 years and a representative to the Vermont State Legislature. "But I think he finds more hope [than despair] in what they can do." It's tough for him sometimes, she says, when he realizes that things he and his fellow relief workers "fix" when they fly in don't stay fixed after they fly out. Nevertheless, "he finds that he can make a difference" doing this kind of work, she says, and that feels good. "And he loves the adventure component. Hardship conditions don't intimidate him," she adds.

Not long after returning from Indonesia, Seibert was confronted with a natural disaster much closer to home—Hurricane Katrina. As he watched the crisis unfold on TV, he remembers thinking, "I have responded to such things all over the world and here is one right at my back door." The Public Health Service was calling on inactive reservists to activate

their commissions and help. So Seibert scrambled to complete the needed paperwork and to get the appropriate uniforms, and then headed south. He had planned to go to New Orleans but was assigned instead to San Antonio, Tex., to help care for 30,000 Katrina refugees sent there. Authorities had taken over Kelley Air Force Base just outside of town, and Seibert's team was in one of the buildings that they had opened. It had five rooms—four of which were larger than football fields and packed with Army cots cheek by jowl. The fifth room was full of cubicles, and that's where Seibert and his team examined patients. The most common problems were related to chronic conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension. Many of the evacuees had little or none of their regular medications left, and most were lacking medical records.

Seibert's team of seven also worked alongside a group of about a dozen family physicians from the Barrio Family Health Center in an underserved village on the outskirts of San Antonio. As the number of patients began to decline, various members of the team were decommissioned or assigned elsewhere. The last member of his team to leave, Seibert was in Texas for several weeks before returning home once more—but not for long.

As the media chattered this fall about "compassion fatigue," Seibert was preparing to travel to Pakistan, where a 7.6-magnitude earthquake struck on October 8, 2005, killing about 73,000 people and leaving an estimated 3 million people homeless. He left for the mountains of Pakistan on November 29, working under the auspices of Mercy Corps, a U.S.-based nonprofit. His three-member team also includes a Pakistani physician and a nurse. "This [trip is] very different" for Seibert, says his wife, "because it's so cold in the mountains." In Banda Aceh, Seibert and his team endured blazing sun and torrential downpours. In Pakistan, he's weathering arctic conditions. He's scheduled to return on December 23.

As an active emeritus member of the faculty, Seibert is eager to share the lessons he's learned with medical students—especially since he's noticed an increasing interest on their part in the developing world. Students seem to want to fit humanitarian experiences such as his into their own professional lives, he's observed.

To be sure, Seibert has gained a wealth of knowledge. For example, he's learned that it can be difficult to "isolate medical ethical dilemmas from the fundamental immorality of [a] situation." And sometimes, the promise of medical care to the poor and disenfranchised can be used as "a subterfuge to achieve political goals." Cultural barriers can be significant, too. In Indonesia, for example, Seibert's patients were mostly Islamic, had a different sense of the role of medicine, and had been traumatized physically as well as emotionally. Even for someone as experienced as Seibert, it's sometimes hard to know how to provide support under such circumstances. So he's come to rely on a simple, nonmedical technique: simply placing a hand on the shoulder of those who feel that life has all but done them in. "To show a little empathy is perhaps more important than what we carry in our bottles," he says.